Residence by Investment (RBI)
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Explore the World’s Popular Golden Visa Programs.
€100,000 onwards
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The Golden Visa or Residence by investment (RBI) schemes offer a permanent residency against investment in property, government securities or businesses. RBI schemes offer a path to future citizenship usually after 5 to 10 years depending on the country. Portugal, Greece, Malta and Latvia are the most popular european RBI schemes. Most schemes do not require investors to live or move permanently in the country.
Several terms co-exist to describe RBI schemes, they are commonly known as Investor visa, Immigrant investor program (IIP), Investor residence, Residence by investment and Golden visa. Real estate investment is the most popular choice for many..
United States EB-5, Canada, Europe are very popular among rich and wealthy from Asia, Africa and Middle East. Chinese are the most consumers of the RBI market with over 90% of the share.
RBI schemes were designed to attract foreign capital in real estate market, by providing the right of residence and later citizenship in return.
History of Immigrant Investor Schemes
- 1990 – United States
- 1986 – Canada
- 1994 – United Kingdom
- 2009 – Bulgaria
- 2010 – Latvia
- 2012 – Portugal
- 2013 – Netherlands, Hungary
- 2014 – Spain, Malta, Greece
- 2017 – Italy
RBI/Golden visa market is currently valued at $10 billion and expected to growing at a pace of 20% annually. The property markets in Spain, Portugal, Greece have recovered from the slump five years ago and prices are increasing at a steady rate.
Golden Visa Market
Immigrant Investor Programs
25+ Countries
About 15 countries legally operate CBI programs run by governments.
RBI Market Size
$50 billion
Global CBI market is valued at $25 billion annually with unprecedented demand.
Visas Issued per Year
50,000+
Every year some wealthy investors acquire acquire residence rights by investing.
Property Market
$1 Trillion
Estimated size of Real Estate market linked to Golden Visa
Portugal
CulturalInvestment Fund
From€200,000
- PR after 5 years
- Citizenship after 10 years
Greece
Real Estate
From€250,000
- 5-year renewable permit
- Citizenship after 7 years
Malta
RentBuy Real Estate
From€99,000
- Permanent residence
- Plus rent or €375,000 property
Hungary
Real Estate FundDonation
From€250,000
- 10-year permit
- Citizenship after 8 years
Latvia
Company Shares
From€50,000
- 2-year renewable permit
- PR after 5 years
Cyprus
Real Estate
From€300,000
- Permanent residence
- Visit once every 2 years
Italy
BusinessBondsDonation
From€250,000
- 2-year renewable permit
- Citizenship after 10 years
Bulgaria
Real EstateInvestment Fund
From€307,000
- Fund route €512,000 (PR)
- Citizenship after 5 years of PR
Luxembourg
Business
From€500,000
- €500,000 in a company creating 5 jobs
- Or a €20M deposit kept for 5 years
France
Talent Passport
From€300,000
- Up to 4-year permit
- Citizenship after 5 years
Czech Republic
Business
FromCZK 75M
- CZK 75M (about €3M) in a Czech company creating 20 jobs
- PR after 5 years
Austria
Startup FounderSelf-Employed Key Worker
From€30,000
- Red-White-Red Card, 24 months, renewable
- Self-employed route from €100,000; PR after 5 years
Monaco
DepositReal Estate
From€1M
- €1M in Monaco companies, or a €500,000 deposit plus property
- Citizenship after 10 years
Estonia
Major Investor
From€1M
- Permit up to 5 years, renewable
- No need to live in Estonia
Serbia
BusinessReal Estate
From€50,000
- €50,000 in a Serbian company, or property of any value
- PR after 3 years
Switzerland
Lump-Sum Taxation
FromCHF 435,000 tax base
- Minimum taxable base, not an investment
- Higher minimums in some cantons
Russia
DonationBusinessReal Estate
FromRUB 15M
- Residence permit for investors
- Real estate from RUB 25M (RUB 50M in Moscow)
United States
EB-5
From$800,000
- Green card
- Citizenship after 5 years
Canada (Quebec)
Investor Program
FromC$1.2M
- Permanent residence
- C$1M investment + C$200k contribution
New Zealand
Active Investor Plus
FromNZ$5M
- Resident visa
- 21 days in 3 years (Growth)
Singapore
Global Investor Programme
FromS$10M
- S$10M business, S$25M fund or S$200M family office
- Permanent residence
Hong Kong
New CIES
FromHK$30M
- HK$27M in permissible assets plus HK$3M in the CIES portfolio
- PR after 7 years
UAE
Real Estate
FromAED 2M
- Property worth AED 2M, or AED 2M in a UAE fund or company
- 10-year golden visa
Panama
Real EstateSecuritiesDeposit
From$300,000
- Permanent residence
- Citizenship after 5 years
Cayman Islands
Real Estate
FromUS$1.2M
- 25-year residency
- PR from US$2.4M
Bahamas
Economic Permanent Residence
From$250,000
- Annual residency with a $250,000 home
- Faster permanent residence from $750,000
Anguilla
DonationReal Estate
From$150,000
- Real estate from $750,000 (family of 4)
- Keep the property 5 years
Antigua & Barbuda
Permanent Residence
FromUS$20,000 a year
- Flat tax for income over US$100,000
- 30 days a year in Antigua
Barbados
Special Entry and Reside Permit
From$2M
- Net worth over US$5M
- Indefinite permit from age 60
Brazil
BusinessReal Estate
FromR$500,000
- Real estate from R$1M (R$700,000 North/Northeast)
- Citizenship after 4 years
Dominican Republic
Real Estate
From$200,000
- Fast-track permanent residence
- Processing 45–90 days
Uruguay
Real EstateInnovation Fund
FromUS$2M
- About US$2M in real estate, or US$100,000 a year to the Innovation Fund
- Citizenship after 3–5 years
Saudi Arabia
Premium Residency
FromUS$1M
- SAR 4M real estate: residency while you own it
- Or SAR 7M business investment for permanent residency
Qatar
Property
From$200,000
- $200,000 property for renewable residency
- $1M property for permanent residency (annual quota)
Bahrain
Real Estate
FromBHD 130,000
- 10-year Golden Residency
- Processing 5–10 working days
Egypt
Real Estate
From$50,000
- 5-year permit from $200,000
- Renewable while you keep the property
Mauritius
Real Estate
From$375,000
- Residence while you own the property
- Covers spouse and children
Seychelles
Business
From$1M
- Permanent residence
- Citizenship after 11 years
Indonesia
Deposit
FromUS$350,000
- US$350,000 deposit for a 5-year visa
- US$700,000 for 10 years; companies from US$2.5M
Sri Lanka
Golden Paradise Visa
FromUS$150,000
- US$100,000 bank deposit for a 10-year visa
- Or real estate, shares or direct investment
India
Foreign Direct Investment
FromINR 10 crore
- 10-year permanent residency status
- 20 local jobs a year
Malaysia
MM2H Fixed Deposit
From$150,000
- Gold $500,000 · Platinum $1M
- Property from RM 600,000
Cambodia
CM2H Golden Visa
From$100,000
- US$100,000 in an approved property
- 10-year multiple-entry visa with CM2H membership
Vanuatu
Permanent Residence
From$8,000
- Flat fee, no investment required
- Family application from US$10,000
Looking for a closed golden visa programme? See shelved programmes.